Wise, but incompetent? The effect of ageist attitudes in the UK
Although longer life expectancy is regarded positively and reflects societal progress in healthcare, later life is still synonymous with ill-health, resulting in ‘inevitable’ cognitive and physical decline.
In this guest blog, Ben Steeden and Dr Hannah J Swift at the School of Psychology, University of Kent, write about the UK's ageist attitudes.
How do we, as a society, think about later life? And why does it matter? Our review of available evidence for the Centre for Ageing Better reveals the conflicting attitudes towards ageing and older people in the UK, across a number of important societal contexts.
In the workplace, employees aged 50 and over are positively regarded as experienced, reliable and loyal, but also commonly represented as unproductive, demotivated, difficult to train and unwilling to learn. This can be a disadvantage in recruitment, but also in development decisions, with employers less likely to provide older workers with the same opportunities to train and develop their skills.
Although longer life expectancy is regarded positively and reflects societal progress in healthcare, later life is still synonymous with ill-health, resulting in ‘inevitable’ cognitive and physical decline. This can result in ageism characterised by feelings of pity in which older people are patronised, ignored or their concerns dismissed. We also found evidence of discriminatory treatment in which older patients are denied treatment and care, or given less effective treatments compared to younger people with the same conditions.
Over 65s are now the fastest growing age group in the world, and so understanding the research into how we think about age and ageing is essential if the UK is to respond effectively to our ageing population.
Within policy, recent years have seen a move toward narratives of healthy, active ageing, and a focus on enabling continued contributions to society into later life. While this change is seen as positive by many, it has been criticised for stigmatising those unable to achieve a healthy ageing ideal. It’s also compounded by narratives of intergenerational conflict in which the needs of older and younger generations are pitted against one another. In this context, older people are portrayed as villains, consuming too many resources, or as victims, dependent on society.
In the media, the ageing population is often represented in terms of a demographic crisis, in relation to pensions, health care and the economy. We also noted a lack of diversity in representations of older people, who seem to be either represented negatively, as unattractive and unhealthy, or positively, as ‘successful agers’, defying the effects of ageing. However, a shift does appear to be underway as social media allows people to set out alternative representations of ageing that are rooted in individual experience and challenge ageist stereotypes.
Over 65s are now the fastest growing age group in the world, and so understanding the research into how we think about age and ageing is essential if the UK is to adjust effectively to our ageing population. Our review recognises that some stereotypes of ageing have a ‘kernel of truth’ and reflect age-related changes. But it also highlights the danger of stereotypes to over exaggerate age differences and dismiss the huge variations between people of the same age. There are a number of ways we can try to shift this ingrained ageism, more responsible messaging and reporting in the media, providing opportunities for positive intergenerational contact and more visible and diverse images and narratives of ageing.